A Summary of South African Apartheid

Though youve likely heard about South African apartheid doesnt mean you know  its full history or how the system of racial segregation actually worked. Read on to improve your understanding and see how it overlapped  with Jim Crow in the United States. A Quest  For Resources The European presence in South Africa  dates back to the 17th century when the Dutch East India Company established the Cape Colony outpost. Over the next three centuries, Europeans, primarily of British and Dutch origin, would expand their presence in South Africa to pursue the land’s abundance of natural resources such as diamonds and gold. In 1910, whites founded the Union of South Africa, an independent arm of the British Empire that gave the white minority control of the country and disenfranchised blacks. Although South Africa was majority black, the white minority passed a series of land acts that resulted in them occupying 80 to 90 percent of the country’s land. The 1913 Land Act unofficially launched apartheid by requiring the black population to live on reserves. Afrikaner Rule Apartheid officially became a way of life in South Africa in 1948, when  the Afrikaner National Party came into power after heavily promoting the racially stratified system. In Afrikaans, apartheid means â€Å"apartness† or â€Å"separateness.†Ã‚  More than 300 laws led to apartheid’s establishment in South Africa. Under apartheid, South Africans were categorized into four racial groups: Bantu (South African natives), colored (mixed-race), white and Asian (immigrants from the Indian sub-continent.) All South Africans over the age of 16 were required to carry racial identification cards. Members of the same family often were categorized as different racial groups under the apartheid system. Apartheid not only banned interracial marriage but also sexual relations between members of different racial groups, just as miscegenation was banned in the United States. During apartheid, blacks were required to carry passbooks at all times to allow them entry into public spaces reserved for whites. This occurred after the enactment of the Group Areas Act in 1950. During the Sharpeville Massacre  a decade later, nearly 70 blacks were killed and nearly 190 wounded when police opened fire on them for refusing to carry their passbooks. After the massacre, leaders of the African National Congress, which represented the interests of black South Africans, adopted violence as a political strategy. Still, the military arm of the group did not seek to kill, preferring to use violent sabotage as a political weapon. ANC leader Nelson Mandela explained this during the famous 1964 speech he gave after being jailed for two years for inciting a strike. Separate and Unequal Apartheid limited the education the Bantu received. Because apartheid laws reserved skilled jobs for whites exclusively, blacks were trained in schools to perform manual and agricultural labor but not for skilled trades. Fewer than 30 percent of black South Africans had received any kind of formal education whatsoever by 1939. Despite being natives of South Africa, blacks in the country were relegated to 10 Bantu homelands after the passage of the Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act of 1959. Divide and conquer appeared to be the purpose of the law. By splitting up the black population, the Bantu could not form a single political unit in South Africa and wrest control from the white minority. The land blacks lived on was sold to whites at low costs. From 1961 to 1994, more than 3.5 million people were forcibly removed from their homes and deposited in the Bantustans, where they were plunged into poverty and hopelessness. Mass Violence The South African government made international headlines when authorities killed hundreds of black students peacefully protesting apartheid in 1976. The slaughtering of the students came to be known as the Soweto Youth Uprising. Police killed anti-apartheid activist Stephen Biko in his jail cell in September 1977. Biko’s story was chronicled in the 1987 film â€Å"Cry Freedom,† starring Kevin Kline and Denzel Washington. Apartheid Comes to a Halt The South African economy took a significant hit in 1986 when the United States and Great Britain imposed sanctions on the country because of its practice of apartheid. Three years later F.W. de Klerk became president of South Africa and dismantled many of the laws that allowed apartheid to become the way of life in the country. In 1990, Nelson Mandela was released from prison after serving 27 years of a life sentence. The following year South African dignitaries repealed the remaining apartheid laws and worked to establish a multiracial government. De Klerk and Mandela won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 for their efforts to unify South Africa. That same year, South Africa’s black majority won rule of the country for the first time. In 1994, Mandela became South Africa’s first black president. Sources HuffingtonPost.com:  Apartheid History Timeline: On Nelson Mandela’s Death, A Look Back At South Africa’s Legacy Of Racism Postcolonial Studies at Emory University History.com: Apartheid - Facts and History

Analysis Of The Road Not Taken By Robert Frost - 1409 Words

The analysis of â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost has been up for debate since the poem release in 1916. It is known to be one of the most frequently misinterpreted poems of all time, and even Robert Frost himself has said the poem is â€Å"tricky† to comprehend (The). When analyzing this poem many readers tend to focus only on the last lines of the poem and get caught in a trap of selective-interpretation. Quite a few people after reading Robert Frost’s poem firmly conclude that this poem is about non-conformity and individualism, however, that is not the case. Robert Frost’s poem is meant to be analyzed line by line for a complete interpretation. Readers can conclude that the poem represents making choices in life, but that is not the†¦show more content†¦Metaphors in this poem allow for the reader to recognize that decisions are linked to the overall theme. Not only are metaphors utilized throughout the poem, but a literary device known as Imagery is as well. Imagery is alternative as important a device for it allows for the reader to have a clear picture of what the character in the poem is visualizing. Furthermore, it also helps covey the theme the author is aiming to represent to the reader. Imagery is made known in stanza two line three, which states, â€Å"Because it was grassy and wanted wear† (Myer, 1091). Here the author is using imagery to inform the readers the traveler is coming up with a reason for why one path could be more favorable over the other. The reader analyzes this line of imagery to obtain a clearer representation of the traveler’s decision-making process. Another line where the author uses imagery is in stanza two line five, which states, â€Å"Had worn them really about the same† (Myer, 1091). Here the author is using imagery to inform the reader that the paths are â€Å"worn† down, which informs the reader that both of his choices have been equally chosen by people before him. These examples help the reader begin to form the theme of self-justification in decision-making. After analyzing the metaphors and the imagery Frost uses in this poem, the reader can conclude so far that the theme the poet is conveyingShow MoreRelatedThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost Analysis1475 Words   |  6 PagesThe poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost, is a poem that has many meanings depending on the reader. The poem was published in 1916 and it is a very interesting poem. It’s a fairly short poem consisting of only 20 lines, and it is full of metaphors and imagery and it has many ways that it can be interpreted. The poem’s use of imagery leaves the reader trying to figure out what Frost meant when he wrote the poem. Since it is a poem, it generally has no correct way to interpret it, but it usuallyRead More Analysis of The Road Not Taken by Robe rt Frost Essays860 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost ?The Road Not Taken? (1916) tells of someone faced with two of life?s decisions however only one can be chosen. Whichever road is taken will be final and will determine the direction that their life takes. Frost drives this poem by a calm and collective narrative, spoken by the traveler of the diverged roads. Who is speaking with himself trying to convince himself of which road is the better choice. Frost wrote this poem using standard, modern languageRead MoreAnalysis of The Road Not Taken, by Robert Frost Essay921 Words   |  4 PagesThesis Robert Frosts â€Å"The Road Not Taken† is more symbolic of a choice one must make in their life in attempt to foresee the outcome before reaching the end, than it is about choosing the right path in the woods. Describe the literal scene and situation. The literal scene of Robert Frost’s â€Å"The Road Not Taken, is described as a â€Å"yellowed wood† (Arp Johnson, 2009). Use of this description could be that fall is upon the wood or the trees perhaps once white have yellowed with age. Before theRead MoreThe Road Not Taken by Robert Frost: An Analysis811 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿The Road Not Taken Robert Frost Introduction On the surface of it, The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost presents a narrator who is remembering a journey through the woods, and the person making this journey came into a position where two roads were diverging. So the challenge presented in the poem is, which road should the narrator take, and why? Frost claimed that his poem was a parody of a poem by his friend, poet Edward Thomas, but others have had very different explanations for The Road NotRead MoreAnalysis Of The Road Not Taken By Robert Frost803 Words   |  4 Pages Poetry And I The poem The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost relates to my personal life because both the narrator and I had to make a decision. My decision was having to chose between playing volleyball or football in fifth grade. I thought about my previous experiences in both sports. I was a decent player in volleyball and I wanted to get the â€Å"All Sports Award† that our school awards to eighth graders who participated in all of the sports that St. Dominic offers; however, St. Dominic did not offerRead MoreAnalysis Of The Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1244 Words   |  5 PagesIn â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost, a traveler discovers a fork in the road, and after thorough examination of both paths in the â€Å"yellow wood† he chooses one to proceed on (1). The speaker intended to save the other road for another day of traveling; however, he knew that his path in life would drift far away, preventing him from ever returning to the other road. When the future arriv es, the speaker plans to tell of his travels, and alter the truth by explaining that the path he chose was lessRead MoreEssay Analysis of The Road Not Taken, by Robert Frost854 Words   |  4 PagesIn the Robert Frost poem ‘’The Road Not Taken’’ there is a pervasive and in many ways intrinsic sense of journey throughout. In such, the poem explores an aspect associated with human decision, or indecision, relative to the oxymoron, that choices with the least the difference should bear the most indifference, but realistically, carry the most difficulty. This is conveyed through the use of several pivotal techniques. Where the first such instance is the use of an extended metaphor, where the poemRead MoreAnalysis OfThe Road Not Taken, By Robert Frost1011 Words   |  5 PagesRobert Frost, a renowned American poet, is regarded as one of the most influential and successful poets of the twentieth century. Frost’s popularity is derived most notably from the colloquial, descriptive language he uses in his poems and the impactful themes he portrays throughout them. The popularity of Frost’s poems also emerges from the interest that is sparked by his ability to â€Å"fool† the reader and hide the true meaning behind his words. One of the most acknowledged of Frost’s poems is â€Å"TheRead MoreAnalysis Of Michael Gow Will Be The Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1020 Words   |  5 Pagesand spiritual. So, the question is, does self-discovery only work within an individual or can it be influenced by others around us? Morning, teachers and fellow class mates. My prescribed related text to away by Michael gow will be the road not taken by Robert frost. Away explores the concept of self-discovery and transformation through the characters as they change. By encountering a physical journey, it provides the character with new perspective on life and an understanding attitude away fromRead MoreRobert Frost s Writing Style1589 Words   |  7 Pages Robert Frost once said, â€Å"The figure a poem makes. It begins in delight and ends in wisdom... in a clarification of life - not necessarily a great clarification, such as sects and cults are founded on, but in a momentary stay against confusion† (Robert Frost Quotes). This same kind of thinking opened the door for metaphorical poetry that helped to show the poets transparency. His love for the social outcast and the struggles of his life are exhibited greatly in his poems. Robert Frost helped

Code-Switching and linking the margins Free Essays

Imagine for a second that all the Anglo-Saxon world’s literary characters were lined up one by one chronologically. We start off with Chaucer’s characters and move our way up to Wilde’s dandies, and then up to Marlow who is framed in the background by a few tribesmen in the Congo, and then suddenly we have Mr. Biswas. We will write a custom essay sample on Code-Switching and linking the margins or any similar topic only for you Order Now For the most part Colonialist literature has contained Caucasian characters as their center with the inclusion of some distant races as support. The subjects of colonialism were barred entry to the privileged world of Colonial literature by their inability to conform to Colonialist’s cultural practices; their expression of culture both in language and custom did not meet with the stringent and racist codes required for literature. V.S. Naipaul, who was originally consigned to the category of â€Å"commonwealth writer,† by the British press, has managed to place the subjects of Anglo-Saxon’s colonialism, into the same canon with their oppressors. Marlow, muddling his way up the river, now sits adjacent to Mr. Biswas who curses in his Creole English struggling to pay off debt. Unlike Mr. Biswas, Naipaul’s own writing is often steeped in the vernacular of his Oxford education, but he faithfully records the breaches with colonial grammatical rules through extensive code-switching making low-caste Indian Christian converts into literary forms as accessible as the characters found in other canonical Western literary texts. Naipaul’s use of â€Å"variable orthography to make dialect more accessible,†(Empire 41) in code-switching takes people marginalized by colonialism’s hegemonic processes and renders them in the center as literary subjects. This process frees the voices of Naipaul’s novel which have been silenced by colonial insistence on proper grammar in communication and the reality of their remoteness geographically. For instance, The novel’s protagonist, Mr. Biswas, communicates in an English that often enunciates verbs as the beginnings of sentences such as when he says, â€Å"†Feel how the car sitting nice on the road? Feel it, Anand? Savi?† (Naipaul 278) or â€Å"Is the sort of place you could build up.† (Naipaul 138). Not exactly the language of Shakespeare, but Mr. Biswas is a literary character enfolded in Naipaul’s own inventive and colonialist language. By draping Biswas in grammatically perfect sentences, Naipaul has managed to break class bearers refuting the position of colonialist characters as seconds as they are in Conrad, but still maintaining a narrative voice that bridges the gap between subject and ruler. Mr. Biswas doesn’t speak in the language of fine literature, but his speaking, â€Å"refutes the privileged position of a standard code in the language.†(Empire 40). Biswas is expressing himself in a Creole that prefers the verbal placements of Bengali, he is refusing to adopt the thought processes included in proper English grammar. Naipaul’s use of code-switching allows Mr. Biswas’ expressions to be placed in canonical literature and by extensions it sheds light on cultural otherness, Mr. Biswas does not think in the proper forms of colonial English, he still spews out thoughts like a proper Brahmin only using English as his form. Biswas’ sayings reveal a cultural otherness that English can’t express, thinking in terms of verbs first or his constant negation of articles such as â€Å"a† and â€Å"the,† are all indicators of the culture that lies beneath his speech, but which English cannot bring to light. How to cite Code-Switching and linking the margins, Papers

Project Design Proposal

Question: Case Study on "Smart Heating System". Answer: 1. Overview of the Design: To develop the interface, this involves the information about SHHS (Smart Home Heating Solution). The standard functionality of the suggested application is significantly maintained by the each of the interfaces that are developed in the respect project. To showcase the usage of the located application, there are interface modules which are a total of nine that are well prepared with the required solution. The daily temperature measurement or a fact of the equipment has been displayed in Home interface, and it shows the data about the present temperature and the activity of the device. Four internal parts of interfaces are internally connected with profile interface it has been used to plan out various modified configuration for further usage or utilization. For the better usage or usability, the original outline is also connected with the confirmed interface. A system module that is defined as the next conspire displays the various warming process where there is a particular functio nality order of warming which can be selected by the user. The order of warming can be Electric or Water based warming etc. The automatically configured process is enabled by the fast activation factor that is also being known as the last or final module. Smart home thermostat profile of user interface design, menus and modules of the system and show the effectiveness of various methods of heating systems; Menu home and home heating process, the temperature profile is shown in the schedule. The overall idea of the proposal is to suggest a designing proposal for the required product. 2. Scope of the Project 2.1. Project Aim The aim of the project are to build up a user interface Smart Home Thermostat that helps reduce the usage of power, gives natural advantages to pre-set the framework with a specific end goal to keep the room warms. SHT (Smart Home Thermostat) graphical user interface designing projects main objective as mentioned below. The design skills need to be accessed based on the evaluation of Graphical user-interface system. A GUI (Graphical user interface) for the SHT (Smart Home Thermostat) needs to be developed and designed. 2.2 Project Objective The primary goals of the task are: The organization and user need to be meet easily by the designed GUI (graphical user interface). The Smart home thermostat controlling capabilities need to be designed using a GUI (Graphical user-interface). 2.3 Project Scope The workings or activities within the external and internal project scope that has been presented in a tabular view below: External Scope activities Internal Scope activities Make sure that there is a power supply for the thermostat. Graphical User-Interface needs to be designed and developed. Making changes to the existing control panels that are proposed to the clients. If required, changes need to be done in Graphical User-interface so that it can meet the needs of the customer. The thermostat hardware elements need to be redesigned. The proposed designed needs to be evaluated. Table 1: Scope of the Project 3. User and Business Requirements 3.1 Requirements of Business To ensure that the capabilities of the latest designed GUI (graphical user-interface) such as environment-friendly and power consumption savings should be known by the targeted clients or customers. To ensure that the efficiency of the latest designed GUI (graphical user-interface)e is enhanced which will improve the significant of product sale. For the better assisting the users for operation part of the Smart home treatment, a user-friendly designed is use in the GUI (Graphical user-interface) 3.2 Requirements of User The operation of the thermostat is based on the GUI (graphical user interface) design which allows it to operate it in four modes that are: Electricity Steam Hot water Hot air For each different household areas such as hall room, bedroom, etc. the client should be able to set a particular temperature zones. The capability or the functionality should be there for the users to override any amount of temperature that is already chosen or set. 4. Major or Critical Assumptions The major targeted customers for the manufacturing enterprise of Smart home thermostat are the families that belong to mid-salaried groups. The assumptions are made that in the climate cloud regions the first designed graphical user-interface should be launched and hence the primary project phase is highlighted on the graphical user interface designing which will provide the users to warm up their selected areas in their house. 5. Use Cases 5. 1 Case one: Room Temperature is set by user Case Description The customer does set the room temperature. Example Not Applicable Participator The Client or Customer Clients The graphical user interface designed and the customer or user. Prerequisite The installation of the graphical user-interface is already done. Prediction The client is equipped to perform the operation Triggers The room temperature gets change. Events Flow The users use the graphical user-interface, and the particular room temperature settings can be changed by the user. Moreover, the room temperature is changed. Rule of Business The graphical user-interface has been operating effectively and efficiently. Table 2: Heating mode is changed 5. 2 Case Two: Heating mode is changed Case Description The method of warming is changed that is been used by the customer. Example The Electricity method of warming is selected by the clients. Participator The Client or Customer Clients The graphical user interface designed and the customer or user. Prerequisite The installation of the graphical user-interface is already done, and the user is able of utilizing it. Prediction The client is equipped to perform the operation Triggers The heating method gets change. Events Flow The users use the graphical user-interface, and the particular heating mode settings can be changed by the user. Rule of Business The graphical user-interface has been operating effectively and efficiently. Table 3: Heating mode is changed 5. 3 Case three: Temperature zone created by user Case Description The temperature zone that has been created by the customer. Example The temperature zone that has been created by the customer for the big room section and use it. Participator The Client or Customer Clients The graphical user interface designed and the customer or user. Prerequisite The installation of the graphical user-interface is already done, and the user is able of utilizing it. Prediction The temperature zone has been set up. Triggers The client is fit for utilizing the temperature zone Events Flow The users use the graphical user-interface, and the temperature zone has been created by the user, and the temperature zone has been employed by the user. Rule of Business The graphical user-interface has been operating effectively and efficiently. Table 4: Heating mode is changed 6. Designing Process Different authors have suggested that the standard ISO 9241-210 motivates the usage of the designing processes mentioned UI (User-Interfaces). The ISO 13407 is also known as ISO 9241-210. a. Identifying the clients and their particular needs. Professionals in the niche of IT are of the viewpoint that the located of the major users of the device and their unique needs is each of the primary activities which need to be operated before the process of development is initiated in the design or plans of the described system. As per different researchers in the designing the User Interface, the same observations held true. b. Creating the navigational, compositional and structural design of the user interface: Once the client's needs have been identified, a blueprint of the UI (User-Interface) is created or developed: the features that are involved in these designs are fundamentally copied the user-system interaction that happens in the real world. Various researchers have given their feedback that it is the first move in which the scenario of interaction are classified as per their significance and icons, features, and the User interface needs to support the interactions that are planned. Finally, the arrangement of different areas of the user interface, as well as the program out of the various icons and the described sections or area is designed. c. Creating the front-end designs of the User Interface: The frontend designs of the UI (user-interface), involves the choice of the fonts, icons, colors on the background and the graphics components to be used in the UI (user-interface) are concluded in the process of the planning phase. d. Creating the dummy model and analyze it: In the final stage process of designing, the dummy models of the visual user interface are created. According to the researchers, the creation of the dummy model is necessary as the usage of the useful analysis methods on these dummy models advance to the classification of the issues and the defects that exist in the described design: Obviously, the outline of the User-Interface is reexamined in a repetitive way to override the issue distinguished. The article study directed during the undertaking work accused that the ISO 9241-210 standards are used in best interface planning project: in this manner, the similar has been chosen in order to be utilizing in this task. 7. Success Criteria The accompanying table represents the ethics which should be satisfied to make the User-interface designing job a success. SI No Criteria for Success Clients needs met 1 All the amenities regulated by the thermostat is supported by GUI The Graphical User Interface being planned should have the capacity to permit the client to operate the thermostat indoor in each of the four modes. 2 The shortcut setting that is created is supported by the graphical user interface. For different household section, the user can have the ability to quickly set up the different temperature. 3 The process re-do are supported by the graphical user interface. Once the temperature setting has been choose, then the client or user should have the functionalities to change it. 8. Usability Evaluation and Testing 8.1 Evaluation Aims The primary objective of the assessment process that is used for the task are: To survey whether the outlined user interface is difficult to utilize or not to utilize. To survey whether the outlined interface is fit for meeting the particular prerequisites of the organization and the users framework, as distinguished in the initial step of the configuration procedure. To evaluate the uprightness of the clients interface that has been composed. To survey the recurrence of faults that the device confers, such that the productivity of the device can be assessed. To determine if the framework is equipped for decreasing the utilization of force or not 8.2 Evaluation Methodology Different researchers are the estimation that the benefit assessment method is favored over the usability of use testing systems fundamentally on account of certainty that the previous procedure is reasonable when compared with the later, other than being significantly less consuming of time. According to some researchers, the usability assessment is directed by specialists or group of usability professionals and the nature of the outcomes distributed by the specialists rely on upon the knowledge of the specialists included. The researchers have additionally remarked that given the objectives of the assessment procedure, assessment strategies are of the accompanying three types: a.Heuristic evaluation: As discussed by some researchers, Heuristic evaluation is led by a group of convenience specialists went for recognizing the engineering problems that depends on in the planned interface, other than revealing insight into the concern of the faults and their impacts on the effectiveness of the interface thats being composed. b. Cognitive Walkthrough: As per various researchers, are of the conclusion that Cognitive Walkthrough can be characterized as that particular assessment strategy that utilizations possible measure for surveying the straightforwardness with that the interface can be used. Other than the evaluation forms that are mentioned above, the accompanying assessment strategies would be put to utilize: c. Clients Feedbacks: Customers who are right now using the framework would be asked for to audit the interface of the client structure outlined. The data accessible from these customers would be used to survey whether the planned that is done for the interface is equipped with meeting the desires of the customers. d. Qualitative evaluation: Qualitative Evaluation procedures are helpful in recognizing the issue sections of the interface being planned, other than making suppositions on the likely impacts of the problem areas on the effectiveness of the said interface. 8.3 Test moral consideration and spectators selection It has already been mentioned that the assessment of the interface will be managed by a board of usability specialists. It has been chosen that specialists outer to the administration project group would request be asked for to take an interest in the assessment project: such an evaluation system would be adequate to stay away from the partiality of any kind. The smart home thermostat focuses on the electronic business sector of the regions those are colder with a specific end goal to dispatch their user interface in the commercial marketplace. The moral considerations that are considered while planning the user interface are that the data those are gathered from the clients are critical, and it ought to be kept secured from the unapproved utilization of the clients. The customers can introduce the framework in their home after they feel that the structure ought to be gainful for their utilization. Apart from this, the present clients of the SHT (Smart home thermostat) would be requested to take part in the review: the said overview would be directed just at the customers who were willing in the assessment project. The under detailed moral rules would be taken after during the evaluation procedure: Only clients volunteer from the project would be incorporated into the review. No impact would be applied the customers who take an interest in the study. The data gathered during the survey would be used just for graphic and analysis works inside to the assembling enterprise and do not be utilized for some other reason. The names and personalities of the volunteers do not be revealed in broad daylight. 8.4 Evaluation experiments The clients and the specialists evaluating the graphical user interface would be urged to carry out the accompanying exercises: Browsing to every last segment of the graphical user interface. Utilizing the interface framework altogether. Contrasting the effectiveness of the structure and the other comparative frameworks accessible in the business place. 8.5 Analysis procedure and methodology The mentioned methods and method are used while evaluating the user interface of the Smart home thermostat follows such as: 1. The data accessible from the clients will be analyzed. 2. The remarks made by the specialists would be contrasted and the observations made by the customers. 3. The outcome of the described above correlation would be used to recognize the problems leaving in the configuration. 4. It is most vital to do a possibility or probability examination of the project report. 5. It is additionally important that the user interface is given the respective functionalities. Bibliography Bryman, A., Bell, E. (2015). Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Cockton, G. (2013). Usability evaluation. The Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction, 2nd Ed. Fenton, N., Bieman, J. (2014). Software metrics: a rigorous and practical approach. CRC Press. Fleury, A., Pedersen, J. S., Larsen, L. B. (2013). Evaluating user preferences for video transfer methods from a mobile device to a TV screen. Pervasive and Mobile Computing, 9(2), 228-241. Flstad, A., Law, E., Hornbk, K. (2012, May). Analysis in practical usability evaluation: a survey study. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 2127-2136). ACM. Galliers, R. D., Leidner, D. E. (2014). Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Routledge. Goode, N., Salmon, P. M., Taylor, N. Z., Lenn, M. G., Finch, C. F. (2015). Bridging the research-practice gap: validity of a software tool designed to support systemic accident analysis by risk managers. In Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics (pp. 215-225). Springer International Publishing. Harris, F., McCaffer, R. (2013). Modern construction management. John Wiley Sons. Hasan, L., Morris, A., Probets, S. (2013). E-commerce websites for developing countries-A usability evaluation framework. Online Information Review, 37(2), 231-251. He, X. D., Zhang, Y. Y. (2014, July). Study on Application of the Complexity Theory in Project Management. In Applied Mechanics and Materials (Vol. 584, pp. 2277-2281). Heagney, J. (2012). Fundamentals of project management. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Indelicato, G. (2012). Project Management Metrics, KPIs, and Dashboards: A Guide to Measuring and Monitoring Project Performance. Project Management Journal, 43(2), 102-102. Jeston, J., Nelis, J. (2014). Business process management. Routledge. Kerzner, H. R. (2013). Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Kbler, A., Zickler, C., Holz, E., Kaufmann, T., Riccio, A., Mattia, D. (2013). Applying the user-centred design to evaluation of Brain-Computer Interface controlled applications. Biomedical Engineering/Biomedizinische Technik. Mir, F. A., Pinnington, A. H. (2014). Exploring the value of project management: linking project management performance and project success. International Journal of Project Management, 32(2), 202-217. Mirnig, A. G., Meschtscherjakov, A., Wurhofer, D., Meneweger, T., Tscheligi, M. (2015, April). A Formal Analysis of the ISO 9241-210 Definition of User Experience. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 437-450). ACM. Paterno, F. (2012).Model-based design and evaluation of interactive applications. Springer Science Business Media. Petit, Y. (2012). Project portfolios in dynamic environments: Organizing for uncertainty. International Journal of Project Management, 30(5), 539-553. Posavac, E. (2015). Program evaluation: Methods and case studies. Routledge. Reynolds, D., Wenburg, J. L. (2013). Project Proposal.Cell,317, 627-4325. Schwalbe, K. (2015). Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Serra, C. E. M., Kunc, M. (2015). Benefits Realisation Management and its influence on project success and on the execution of business strategies. International Journal of Project Management, 33(1), 53-66. Turner, J. R. (2014). The handbook of project-based management (Vol. 92). McGraw-hill. Yu, C. H., Stacey, D., Sale, J., Hall, S., Kaplan, D. M., Ivers, N., ... Straus, S. E. (2014). Designing and evaluating an interprofessional shared decision-making and goal-setting decision aid for patients with diabetes in clinical caresystematic decision aid development and study protocol.